Ferritin Blood Test: What Is It, Purpose and Procedure

What is Ferritin Blood Test? 

The ferritin blood test is a diagnostic procedure that measures the concentration of ferritin, a protein primarily involved in storing iron within cells. Iron is vital for synthesizing healthy red blood cells and transporting oxygen throughout the body. It also plays a vital role in maintaining healthy muscles, bone marrow, and organ function. Excess iron is stored in ferritin for future use, primarily in the liver and immune system cells. 

As the body utilizes iron, small amounts of ferritin are released into the bloodstream. Therefore, the ferritin level in the blood reflects the amount of iron stored in the body. 

Purpose of the Ferritin Blood Test 

Ferritin blood test helps healthcare providers determine if the body stores an appropriate amount of iron to maintain good health. In addition to checking iron levels, the ferritin blood test may also be used for the following purposes: 

1. Diagnosing iron-related conditions: The test can help diagnose or rule out conditions related to iron levels, including:- 

• Iron deficiency (anaemia): Having too few red blood cells due to a lack of iron. 
• Hemochromatosis: Too much iron in the body is also known as iron overload.
• Liver diseases: The ferritin levels in the body are largely stored in the liver, so the test can help evaluate liver function and detect certain liver diseases.

2. Monitoring chronic conditions: The ferritin blood test may be used to monitor chronic conditions that can affect iron levels over time, such as: – 

• Chronic kidney disease: Kidney dysfunction can affect iron metabolism, and the test helps monitor iron status in these cases. 
• Cancer: Some cancers or cancer treatments can lead to alterations in iron levels, and the ferritin test aids in monitoring these changes. 
• Autoimmune diseases: Certain autoimmune diseases can affect iron absorption or utilization, and the test helps monitor iron levels in these conditions. 

3. Assessing treatment effectiveness: If an individual is receiving treatment for iron-related issues, the ferritin blood test can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. It helps determine if the treatment adequately addresses the iron imbalance and restores iron levels to a healthy range. 

When to get Ferritin Blood Test? 

The ferritin test may be prescribed if a person displays symptoms of either an iron deficiency or excess.  

• Common symptoms of low ferritin levels (iron deficiency) include chronic fatigue, headaches, dizziness, pale skin, weakness, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, ringing in the ears, irritability, and leg pain.  
• Common symptoms of high ferritin levels (iron excess) include exhaustion, cardiovascular issues, joint pain, reduced libido, loss of body hair, stomachaches, unexplained weight loss, and lack of energy.  

Procedure for Conducting a Ferritin Test 

 The procedure for a Ferritin blood test involves the following steps.  

• A healthcare provider will use a small needle to collect a blood sample from a vein in your arm. 
• The collected blood sample will be transferred into a test tube or vial for analysis. 
• After removing the needle, pressure will be applied to the puncture site, and a bandage may be applied if needed. 
• The entire procedure typically takes a few minutes to complete. 
• The blood sample will be sent to a laboratory for further examination. 
• Before the test, it is crucial to adhere to any instructions given by your healthcare provider. 

Preparing for a Ferritin Test 

Before your test, it is crucial to consult with your healthcare provider to determine if fasting is necessary. They will provide specific instructions regarding whether to abstain from eating or drinking anything except water for a certain period. It is important to follow their guidance to ensure accurate and reliable test results. 

Potential Risks Associated with the Test 

The ferritin blood test carries minimal risk. Some individuals may experience mild discomfort or bruising at the needle’s insertion site, but these symptoms typically subside quickly. 

Interpreting Ferritin Test Results 

When interpreting ferritin test results: 

• Low Ferritin Levels: A lower than normal ferritin level suggests iron deficiency anaemia or other health issues associated with low iron levels. Low ferritin levels can lead to various health complications, including heart problems and increased susceptibility to infections if left untreated. 
• High Ferritin Levels: Conversely, higher than normal ferritin levels indicate an excess of iron in the body, which can indicate conditions such as liver disease, hyperthyroidism, hemochromatosis, and others. 

Whether the levels are high or low, timely testing is crucial to identify the condition, minimize complications, and initiate appropriate treatment as early as possible. 

Additional Information about the Ferritin Blood Test 

Conditions causing low or high iron levels can often be managed with medication, dietary changes, and other therapies. Treatment options may include iron supplementation, dietary adjustments to include iron-rich foods, and addressing any underlying health issues contributing to the imbalance.  

Working closely with healthcare professionals is essential to develop a personalized treatment plan for maintaining optimal iron levels and overall well-being. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments help assess treatment effectiveness and make any necessary modifications.