What Is Normal Blood Sugar Levels Range By Age?
Introduction
Blood sugar levels play a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being. Understanding what constitutes a normal blood sugar level is important, as it varies across different age groups. In this blog, we will delve into normal blood sugar levels by age and factors that can affect these levels and provide helpful tips to maintain stable blood sugar levels.
Blood Sugar Levels – An Overview
Blood sugar, or blood glucose, refers to the amount of sugar in your bloodstream. Glucose is the primary energy source for your body’s cells and organs. Your body needs to maintain a stable blood sugar level to function optimally. When blood sugar levels deviate from the normal range, it can lead to various health issues.
Normal Blood Sugar Levels by Age
According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the normal blood sugar levels for individuals without diabetes are as follows:
| Diagnostic Criteria for Healthy Individuals, Pre-Diabetic and Diabetic Patients | |||
| Parameter | Healthy Individual (mg/dl) | Pre-Diabetic
(mg/dl) |
Diabetic
(mg/dl) |
| FPG | 70-99 | 100-125 (IFG) | > 126 |
| 2-h PG | <140 | 140-199 (IGT) | > 200 |
| HbA1c | < 5.7% | 5.7-6.4% | > 6.5% |
| Random Plasma Glucose | > 200
(with symptoms of diabetes) |
||
Table 1: Diagnostic Criteria for Healthy Individuals, Pre-Diabetic and Diabetic Patients. Source: ADA
These ranges are consistent across all age groups. Age does not affect the recommended range. It is best to consult with your healthcare provider to determine personalized target ranges for blood sugar levels. They will consider factors such as your age, overall health, and medications to determine the most suitable range for you.
Regular monitoring and medical guidance are crucial in managing blood sugar levels effectively and promoting overall health and well-being.
Screening Criteria for Diabetes
Screening for diabetes is recommended for all individuals above the age of 30. Earlier screening is advised for adults with one or more of the following risk factors:
- Family history of diabetes
- Overweight or obese (with a body mass index or BMI equal to or greater than 23 kg/m²) or increased waist circumference (greater than 90 cm for males and greater than 80 cm for females)
- History of hypertension (blood pressure equal to or greater than 130/80 mmHg) or currently undergoing treatment for hypertension
- History of dyslipidaemia (abnormal lipid levels)
- Sedentary lifestyle with minimal physical activity
- History of gestational diabetes or giving birth to a baby with a birth weight greater than 3.5 kg (macrosomia)
- History of cardiovascular disease (such as ischemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease)
- History of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and/or acanthosis nigricans (dark patches of skin).
Screening individuals with risk factors for diabetes can be instrumental in detecting the condition early, allowing for timely intervention and effective management strategies to be implemented. This proactive approach helps minimize the potential complications associated with diabetes and promotes better health outcomes.
Symptoms of Diabetes
- Excessive urine and excessive thirst
- Weight loss despite excessive hunger
- Tiredness, weakness
- Generalised skin itching
- Recurrent genital infections
- Delayed healing of wounds
It is important to note that more than half of all patients with diabetes will show no symptoms at all.
How can you track your blood sugar?
There are two main methods for monitoring blood sugar levels:
- Using a blood glucose meter or continuous glucose monitor (CGM) for real-time measurements.
- Undergoing an A1C blood test provides an average blood sugar level over the past two to three months.
Working with healthcare professionals to determine the best monitoring approach and frequency based on individual needs and medical guidance is important.
Factors Affecting Blood Sugar
Several factors can influence blood sugar levels, including:
- Diet: The types and quantities of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats you consume can affect blood sugar levels. High-carbohydrate meals tend to raise blood sugar levels more rapidly.
- Physical activity: Regular exercise helps regulate blood sugar levels by increasing insulin sensitivity and promoting muscle glucose uptake. Intense workouts can cause temporary spikes in blood sugar, which usually normalize afterwards.
- Medications and illness: Certain medications, such as corticosteroids, can elevate blood sugar levels. Disease and infection can also lead to temporary blood sugar fluctuations.
- Stress and emotional well-being: Stress releases hormones that can elevate blood sugar levels. Emotional well-being and stress management techniques are crucial for maintaining stable blood sugar levels.
Tips to Maintain Normal Blood Sugar Levels
To maintain normal blood sugar levels, consider the following tips:
- Follow a balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Monitor carbohydrate intake and choose complex carbohydrates over simple sugars.
- Engage in regular physical activity or exercise.
- Stay hydrated and avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
- Manage stress levels through relaxation techniques like meditation or yoga.
- Take prescribed medications or insulin as directed by healthcare professionals.
- Regularly monitor blood sugar levels and consult healthcare professionals for personalized guidance.
