Gestational Diabetes: Symptoms, Risk Factors & Ways to Manage

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a kind of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, typically in the second or third trimester. It is characterised by spiking blood sugar levels that can pose risks to both the mother and the unborn child. A glucose tolerance test during pregnancy can identify the presence of gestational diabetes. While the condition usually resolves after childbirth, it requires careful management during pregnancy to prevent complications.

What are the symptoms of gestational diabetes? 

Gestational diabetes is a condition that can manifest with various symptoms during pregnancy. It is essential to be aware of these symptoms and consult a doctor if one experiences them.  Here are some symptoms of gestational diabetes in pregnancy:

1. Increased thirst
2. Frequent urination
3. Fatigue
4. Blurred vision
5. Frequent infections
6. Nausea and vomiting
7. Unexplained weight loss or gain

What are the risk factors of gestational diabetes in pregnancy? 

Several factors contribute to the development of pregnancy diabetes in expectant mothers. These risk factors can vary from individual to individual and may include: 

1. Pre-existing Health Conditions: Women who enter pregnancy with specific health conditions, like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), are more at risk of developing gestational diabetes. Other conditions like high blood pressure, obesity, and a history of gestational diabetes in past pregnancies can also elevate the risk.
2. Weight and BMI: Being overweight or obese before pregnancy significantly increases the risk of developing gestational diabetes. Excessive fat accumulation can lead to insulin resistance, making it challenging for the body to regulate blood sugar levels effectively during pregnancy.
3. Family History: A family history of diabetes, particularly a first-degree relative with type 2 diabetes, can cause a higher risk of developing gestational diabetes. Genetic predispositions can play a pivotal role in how the body responds to pregnancy-related changes, influencing the likelihood of developing the condition.
4. Physical Inactivity: Leading a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to weight gain and insulin resistance, increasing the risk of gestational diabetes. Moderate physical exercise can significantly lower this risk and promote overall well-being during pregnancy.
5. Unhealthy Diet: Consumption of a diet high in refined carbohydrates, sugary foods, and processed items can lead to high blood glucose levels, putting pregnant women at a heightened risk of gestational diabetes. A balanced diet is essential to maintain stable blood sugar levels.
6. Stress Levels: High levels of stress and anxiety can impact hormonal balance and contribute to insulin resistance, thereby increasing the likelihood of gestational diabetes. Implementing stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, yoga, and mindfulness practices can help manage stress levels during pregnancy.
7. Medication Use: Certain medications may interfere with insulin sensitivity and increase the risk of gestational diabetes. Expectant mothers must discuss medications with their healthcare providers to assess potential risks and develop appropriate management strategies.
8. Age: Advanced maternal age, typically defined as being 35 years or older, is associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes. With age, the body may become less efficient at processing glucose, making it more susceptible to developing the condition during pregnancy.

How can gestational diabetes be managed? 

Expectant mothers can adopt the following strategies to manage risk factors and promote a healthy pregnancy if signs of diabetes in pregnancy are present: 

1. Regular prenatal visits and health assessments allow healthcare providers to monitor blood sugar levels and provide the necessary guidance to manage and mitigate the risks associated with gestational diabetes.
2. Eating a well-balanced diet that includes fruits, whole grains, lean proteins, vegetables, and healthy fats helps maintain healthy blood sugar levels and prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy.
3. Regular physical activity can improve insulin sensitivity, boost healthy weight management, and reduce the risk of gestational diabetes.
4. Implementing stress-reduction techniques, such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, and prenatal yoga, can help manage stress levels and promote overall well-being during pregnancy.
5. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, as advised by healthcare professionals, can aid in early detection and effective management of gestational diabetes, reducing the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby.

Proactive management and regular monitoring are crucial in mitigating the risks associated with gestational diabetes. If signs of gestational diabetes in the third trimester are prevalent, it is necessary to consult a doctor. Prioritize health and well-being during this transformative phase of life, and let Dr Lal PathLabs be a trusted partner in achieving a smooth and successful pregnancy journey.  

FAQs 

1. What is the risk to the foetus if the mother has gestational diabetes?

Gestational diabetes can pose risks such as macrosomia, preterm birth, and respiratory distress syndrome to the foetus, necessitating careful management during pregnancy. 

2. How to control gestational diabetes in the third trimester?

To control gestational diabetes, adhere to a customised meal plan, exercise regularly, monitor blood sugar levels, and follow prescribed medication.