Common Signs and Symptoms of Thyroid Disorder

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped organ in the front of the neck, that is crucial for regulating various bodily functions, from metabolism to energy levels.

However, when this gland malfunctions, it can disrupt one’s health. Thyroid disorder is an umbrella term for conditions that impact the thyroid function due to iron deficiency, autoimmune diseases, and other causes. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are two types of thyroid diseases.

Understanding the signs and symptoms of thyroid disorder is paramount for timely diagnosis and management. Here, we discuss the common indicators that may signal an underlying thyroid disorder.

What is Hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid, is a disorder that affects the thyroid gland’s ability to produce enough hormones. This condition results from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder that impacts the functioning of the thyroid gland.

Low levels of thyroid hormones can cause various symptoms, from changes in mood to weight gain and digestive issues.

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

1. Fatigue and Weakness

Individuals with hypothyroidism often experience extreme fatigue and weakness, feeling drained despite adequate rest. This pervasive tiredness can affect their daily activities and diminish their overall quality of life.

2. Weight Gain

Thyroid hormones help regulate body weight, metabolism of fat, and food intake. However, low levels of thyroid can lead to unexplained weight gain, a hallmark symptom of hypothyroidism. Despite a strict routine to maintain a healthy diet and exercise regimen, individuals may find it challenging to reduce excess weight.

3. Cold Intolerance

Hypothyroidism can disrupt the body’s ability to regulate temperature, increasing its sensitivity to cold. Individuals may feel cold more frequently, especially with cold hands and feet.

4. Constipation

Poor digestion is a common symptom of thyroid disorder. Constipation, characterised by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stools, can cause discomfort and bloating.

5. Mood Changes

It is a common symptom of hypothyroidism to experience mood and memory changes, along with other issues, such as anxiety, apathy, or depression. These symptoms can occur as low levels of thyroid hormones can cause changes in the brain structure and function.

6. Muscle and Joint Pain

Hypothyroidism can lead to muscle weakness, stiffness, and cramps, making simple tasks challenging and uncomfortable. Joint pain and stiffness may also be present, further exacerbating mobility issues.

7. Menstrual Irregularities

Women with hypothyroidism may experience disruptions in their menstrual cycle, including heavier, more prolonged periods or irregular menstruation.

What is Hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism or overactive thyroid gland is a thyroid disorder where the thyroid gland produces excess hormones. This condition often results from an autoimmune disease known as Graves’ Disease. Medication can help control thyroid hormone production and better manage the condition.

High levels of thyroid hormones can affect the whole body and lead to increased metabolism, accounting for symptoms such as mood changes, weight loss, muscle weakness, and increased appetite, among other things.

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

1. Weight Loss

Rapid and unexplained weight loss is a classic symptom of hyperthyroidism. While this condition also increases appetite, individuals may still struggle to maintain or gain weight due to increased metabolism.

2. Increased Heart Rate

Hyperthyroidism can accelerate heart rate and rhythm, leading to palpitations, rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), or irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias). Individuals may feel their heart pounding or fluttering in their chest, which can lead to dizziness and light-headedness.

3. Heat Intolerance

Individuals with hyperthyroidism might also experience heightened sensitivity to heat. This includes experiencing excessive sweating and feeling excessively warm even in moderate temperatures.

4. Nervousness and Anxiety

Hyperthyroidism can trigger feelings of nervousness, anxiety, or irritability. Individuals may feel jittery or on edge, with racing thoughts and difficulty concentrating.

5. Tremors and Muscle Weakness

Another symptom of hyperthyroidism is weakness in muscles. It may cause trembling or tremors, particularly in the hands and fingers. Muscles can feel weak, sore, or heavy, leading to fatigue and tiredness in individuals despite increased activity levels.

6. Insomnia

Difficulty falling or staying asleep is a prevalent symptom of hyperthyroidism. Sleep disturbances or insomnia can further aggravate feelings of fatigue and drowsiness.

7. Thinning Hair

An important function of the thyroid gland is to trigger the growth of hair and nails. However, with hyperthyroidism, individuals may experience excessive hair loss or thinning. Hair may become brittle and fragile, with noticeable shedding or thinning on the scalp.

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of thyroid disorders is critical for early detection and intervention. If these symptoms occur, consult a healthcare professional and book a diagnosis test with Dr. Lal PathLabs for early detection and effective management.

FAQs

1. What are the common symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism is characterised by low production of hormones in the thyroid gland. The most common symptoms include weight gain, tiredness, and muscle pain.

2. Who suffers from thyroid problems?

While thyroid disorders are common and can affect anyone, women are often at a higher risk of developing thyroid problems than men.