What to Eat and Avoid in Malaria?

Maintaining a balanced diet is beneficial and crucial during malaria treatment. It supports the immune system, aids recovery, and effectively manages symptoms. Here’s an in-depth overview of foods for malaria patients to optimise nutritional intake.

What are the Symptoms of Malaria?

Symptoms vary based on the species of Plasmodium parasite, the individual’s immunity, and the severity of the infection. Common symptoms include:

1. Fever: Recurrent fevers, often accompanied by chills and sweating, are a hallmark symptom of malaria.
2. Headache: Persistent headaches, sometimes severe, are common during malaria infections.
3. Muscle and Joint Pain: Generalised muscle aches and joint pain can occur, making movement difficult.
4. Fatigue: Feelings of extreme tiredness and weakness are typical, especially during the acute phase of the illness.
5. Nausea and Vomiting: Some individuals may experience nausea, vomiting, and general discomfort.
6. Abdominal Pain: Abdominal discomfort, including cramps and tenderness, can occur due to malaria-related complications.
7. Anaemia: In severe cases or with prolonged infections, malaria can lead to anaemia as it can destroy red blood cells.

What Foods to Eat in Malaria?

When aiming for optimal nutrition, these are the best foods for malaria:

1. High-Protein Foods: Incorporate lean protein sources such as chicken, turkey, fish, eggs, and legumes like lentils and chickpeas. Protein is needed to repair tissues, support immune function, and prevent muscle loss during illness.
2. Fruits and Vegetables: Consume a variety of colourful fruits and vegetables daily. They are rich in antioxidants, minerals, phytochemicals, and vitamins that help boost the immune system and promote overall health. Include options like oranges, kiwis, berries, spinach, kale, broccoli, carrots, and bell peppers.
3. Whole Grains: Choose whole grains for sustained energy and essential nutrients. Examples include brown rice, quinoa, whole wheat bread, oats, barley, and millet. Whole grains provide fibre, B vitamins, and minerals like magnesium and zinc.
4. Healthy Fats: The diet of a malaria patient should include natural sources of fats, such as avocados, nuts (almonds, walnuts, pistachios), seeds (flaxseeds, chia seeds), and olive oil. These fats benefit heart health, reduce inflammation, and support immune function.
5. Fluids: Hydrate by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Natural fruit juices and herbal teas (without added sugars) can also increase fluid intake. Proper hydration is essential for maintaining body functions, managing fever, and aiding recovery.
6. Iron-rich foods: If the doctor recommends it, include iron-rich foods to prevent or manage malaria-associated anaemia. Good sources of iron include leafy greens (spinach, kale), beans, lentils, fortified cereals, red meat, poultry, and fish.

What Foods to Avoid or Limit in Malaria?

It is essential to avoid certain foods, as they can impact recovery and overall health. Here are some malaria foods to avoid:

1. Sugary and Processed Foods: Minimise consumption of sugary snacks, desserts, sodas, and processed foods like chips, cookies, and pastries. Excessive sugar intake can cause inflammation and weaken the immune system, potentially delaying recovery.
2. High-Fat and Fried Foods: Limit intake of fried and high-fat foods. These foods can be more complex to digest, may worsen digestive issues, and may not provide essential nutrients needed for recovery. Implement healthier cooking methods such as baking, steaming, grilling, or sautéing with minimal oil.
3. Alcohol: Avoid or limit alcohol consumption during malaria treatment. Alcohol can interfere with medication effectiveness, weaken the immune system, and dehydrate the body, making it harder for the body to fight off infections.
4. Caffeine: Limit caffeine intake as it affects sleep quality or hydration levels. While moderate caffeine consumption is generally safe for most people, excessive caffeine can lead to dehydration and disrupt sleep patterns, which are crucial for recovery.
5. Raw or Undercooked Foods: To lessen the risk of foodborne infections, avoid consuming raw or undercooked meats, seafood, eggs, and unpasteurized dairy products. Ensure all foods are cooked thoroughly and practice good hygiene to prevent additional health complications.

What are Some Meal Ideas for Malaria Patients?

Here are some ideas for a balanced diet with food to eat in malaria throughout the day:

1. Breakfast: Whole grain oatmeal with fresh berries, a sprinkle of nuts or seeds, and a glass of water or herbal tea.
2. Lunch: Grilled chicken or tofu salad with mixed greens, cherry tomatoes, cucumbers, avocado slices, and a vinaigrette dressing. Include a side of whole-grain bread or quinoa.
3. Snack: Greek yoghurt with honey and sliced fruits, like bananas or apples.
4. Dinner: Baked salmon or roasted chickpea bowl with quinoa, roasted vegetables (such as broccoli, carrots, bell peppers), olive oil, and lemon juice.
5. Hydration: Throughout the day, drink water, herbal teas, and freshly squeezed juices (without added sugars) to stay hydrated.

Well-balanced foods for malaria patients significantly support the body’s immune response and recovery during malaria treatment. Consult a nutritionist or healthcare provider for personalised recommendations based on health needs and treatment plans. Book a malaria test with Dr Lal PathLabs for an accurate diagnosis.

FAQs

1. What causes malaria?

The plasmodium parasites transferred through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes cause malaria.

2. How is malaria diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves blood tests like microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) to detect parasites.

3. How can malaria be prevented?

Prevention includes using insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor spraying, and wearing protective clothing.