URINE EXAMINATION, ROUTINE; URINE, R/E

The Urine Routine test measures three aspects of collected urine sample: 

• Physical examination for colour, pH, specific gravity, and appearance. 
• Chemical examination for glucose, protein, blood, nitrites, ketones, leukocyte esterase, bilirubin, and urobilinogen. 
• Microscopy examination for red blood cells, pus cells, epithelial cells, casts, crystals, microbes, and others. 

The Urine Routine test is most commonly used  

• As part of a routine health checkup 
• Diagnose conditions such as Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in individuals with signs and symptoms such as: 

1. Abdominal Pain 
2. Backache 
3. Painful urination 
4. Blood in urine 
5. Frequent urination 

• Screen and monitor various medical conditions such as UTI, kidney disease, liver disorders, diabetes, etc. 

A healthcare professional will collect a urine sample in a collection container. The two main ways of obtaining a sample are: 

• 24-hour urine collection: This test requires you to collect all of the urine you produce during a 24-hour period. 
• One-time urine collection: Also known as a spot sample, this involves providing just one small sample of urine. The sample is often collected with the clean-catch method, which helps to prevent contaminants from entering the urine. 

It is important to carefully follow any instructions from the doctor about the type of sample needed and how to collect it properly. 

The Urine Routine test is a painless and non-invasive test with no risks involved. 

The Urine routine test alone doesn’t provide a definite diagnosis.  

The doctor will evaluate the results based on medical history, gender, age, and other factors. 

Reference ranges often vary slightly between different laboratories. 

Abnormal results may be due to: 

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) 
• Kidney stones 
• Diabetes 
• Trauma to the kidneys 
• Liver diseases 
• Certain types of cancer