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Leukemia Cancer
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- Overview
- Symptoms
- Risk Factor
- Diagnosis
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Overview
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones, where blood cells are produced.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly progressing blood cancer that affects the bone marrow. It is characterized by the production of abnormal white blood cells, which crowd out healthy blood cells.
Incidence
Leukemia (more than 95% of which is acute) is the most common diagnostic group of childhood cancers worldwide and in India.- Risk for developing Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is highest among children less than 5 years.
- The risk declines steadily until the mid-20s, and starts rising again steadily after the age of 50 years.
Signs and symptoms of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia may include
Signs and symptoms of Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia may include
Bleeding, such as frequent or severe nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or heavy menstrual bleeding in women
Fever, bone pain and frequent infections
Pale skin and shortness of breath
Leukemia cells may build up in the liver and spleen, thereby enlarging these organs.
Weakness, fatigue or a general decrease in energy
Risk Factor
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease such as cancer. Some risk factors, like smoking, can be controlled. Others, like a person's age or family history, can't be controlled
Ethnicity
More common in Caucasians, reasons not clear.
Gender
Slightly more prevalent in males than in females, reasons unknown
Exposure to Radiation
High levels of radiation exposure is a risk factor for both Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). E.g.: Atomic bomb survivors of Japan had increased risk of developing acute Leukemia.
Chemical Exposure
Some chemotherapy drugs and certain other chemicals, like benzene may increase the risk to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Age
More likely to occur in children < 5 years and in adults over the age of 50 years.
Diagnosis
Bone Marrow Tests
Bone Marrow Aspiration
Samples are usually taken from the back of the pelvic (hip) bone, although in some cases they may be...
Biopsy
Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)
Acute Leukemia can spread to the area around the brain and spinal cord. To check for this spread, do...
Lymph Node Biopsy
A lymph node or part of a lymph node is often removed to help diagnose lymphomas, but this is only r...
Lab Tests Used to Diagnose And Classify ALL
Cytochemistry
Cytochemistry is part of lab tests used to diagnose and classify leukemia. Cells are put on a slide ...
Blood Tests
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
measures the numbers of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. It is often done along with a differential which ...
Viral Screening Tests
Physical Exam and History
Imaging Tests
Our Offerings
- Clinical Work up
- Department
Diagnostic work up
t(9;11) (p21-22;q23); (MLL-AF9) PCR QUALITATIVE
CANCER 50 GENE PANEL, NGS
CANCER GENE ANY 3 MARKERS, NGS
CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS FOR HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY
FISH: BCR / ABL OR PHILADELPHIA TRANSLOCATION
FISH: 11q23 OR LSI MLL GENE BREAKAPART
FISH: t(12;21) or LSI TEL/AML1
COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT; CBC
IMMUNOPHENOTYPING BY FLOW CYTOMETRY: LEUKEMIA DIAGNOSTIC PANEL ACUTE LEUKEMIA -T, B or MYELOID
BONE MARROW EXAMINATION PANEL 1
BONE MARROW EXAMINATION PANEL 2
IMMUNOPHENOTYPING BY FLOW CYTOMETRY: LEUKEMIA DIAGNOSTIC PANEL CUSTOMIZED ANY 10 MARKERS
LEUKEMIA GENETIC PROFILE - ANY 6 MARKERS PCR QUALITATIVE
IMMUNOPHENOTYPING BY FLOW CYTOMETRY: LEUKEMIA DIAGNOSTIC COMPREHENSIVE PROFILE ANY 6 MARKERS
BCR-ABL GENE REARRANGEMENT PCR QUANTITATIVE
BCR-ABL GENE REARRANGEMENT PCR QUALITATIVE
t(1;19) (q23;p13.3); TCF3- BX1(E2A-PBX1) PCR QUALITATIVE
t(12;21) (p13;q22); ETV6-RUNX1 (TEL-AML1) PCR QUALITATIVE
t(4;11) (q21;q23); (MLL-AF4) PCR QUALITATIVE
t(11;19) (q23;p13.3); (MLL-ENL) PCR QUALITATIVE
Follow up
IMMUNOPHENOTYPING BY FLOW CYTOMETRY, CD34 (STEM CELL) ENUMERATION
CANCER 50 GENE PANEL, NGS
MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE (MRD) ANALYSIS FOR B- ALL
MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE (MRD) ANALYSIS FOR T-ALL
Prognostic work up
BCR-ABL GENE REARRANGEMENT PCR QUANTITATIVE
BCR-ABL GENE REARRANGEMENT PCR QUALITATIVE
t(1;19) (q23;p13.3); TCF3- BX1(E2A-PBX1) PCR QUALITATIVE
t(12;21) (p13;q22); ETV6-RUNX1 (TEL-AML1) PCR QUALITATIVE
t(4;11) (q21;q23); (MLL-AF4) PCR QUALITATIVE
t(11;19) (q23;p13.3); (MLL-ENL) PCR QUALITATIVE
t(9;11) (p21-22;q23); (MLL-AF9) PCR QUALITATIVE
CANCER 50 GENE PANEL, NGS
CANCER GENE ANY 3 MARKERS, NGS
CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS FOR HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY
FISH: BCR / ABL OR PHILADELPHIA TRANSLOCATION
FISH: 11q23 OR LSI MLL GENE BREAKAPART
LEUKEMIA GENETIC PROFILE - ANY 6 MARKERS PCR QUALITATIVE
IMMUNOPHENOTYPING BY FLOW CYTOMETRY: LEUKEMIA DIAGNOSTIC COMPREHENSIVE PROFILE ANY 6 MARKERS
ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL) CYTOGENETICS PANEL
ACUTE LEUKEMIA DIAGNOSTIC COMPREHENSIVE PROFILE
Screening
HTLV - I / II ANTIBODY, SCREEN
HTLV - I / II ANTIBODY CONFIRMATION
EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS ANTIBODY TO VIRAL CAPSID ANTIGEN (VCA), IgG
EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS ANTIBODY TO VIRAL CAPSID ANTIGEN (VCA), IgM
EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS ANTIBODIES TO VIRAL CAPSID ANTIGEN (VCA), IgG & IgM
NEUROVIRUSES COMPREHENSIVE PANEL QUALITATIVE PCR
EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS (EBV), QUALITATIVE PCR
EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS (EBV), QUANTITATIVE PCR
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© 2025 LalPathLabs.com. All rights reserved.
---v2.03.12.25.1Follow us on: