Lung Cancer

Home > Lung Cancer

Overview
Symptoms
Risk Factor
Diagnosis
Stages
Our Offerings

Overview

Overview Lung cancer arises in the lung tissues and develop like other cancers, with the disruption in the normal processes of cell division, leading to abnormal, uncontrolled cell growth into tumour mass. Any such abnormal growth in the body can directly invade surrounding tissues and organs, like lymph nodes and has the potential to grow back after being removed and spread to different body parts like brain, liver.

Incidence & Epidemiology

Worldwide, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with more than 1 million cases diagnosed yearly lungs

Symptoms of Lungs Cancer

Pain

Advanced lung cancer that spreads to the lining of a lung or to another area of the body, such as bone, can cause pain

Shortness of Breath

If cancer grows to block the major airways, patients may experience shortness of breath

Coughing up Blood

Lung cancer can cause bleeding in the airway, which can cause you to cough up blood

Cancer that spreads to other parts of the body (Metastasis)

Lung cancer often spreads (metastasizes) to other parts of the body, such as the brain

Fluid in the Chest

Pleural Effusion

Risk Factor

Certain factors were identified that are associated with an increased risk of Ovarian cancer:

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke

Family history of Lung Cancer

Exposure to Radon Gas

Unsafe levels of radon can accumulate in any building, including bones.

Exposure to Asbestos and other Carcinogens

Workplace exposure to asbestos and other substances known to cause cancer such as arsenic, chromium and nickel.

Smoking

Your risk of lung cancer increases with the number of cigarettes you smoke each day.

Diagnosis

Screening for Lung Cancer

Testing a healthy individual at high risk for developing lung cancer who has no symptoms of lung cancer in hopes of finding lung cancer at a stage that it can be cured.
People with an increased risk of lung cancer may consider annual lung cancer screening using low-dose CT scans. This reduce the number of people who die from lung cancer with acceptable risks when performed in a high quality setting.
Lung cancer screening is generally offered to people 55 and older who smoked heavily for many years and are otherwise healthy.

Tissue Sample (Biopsy)

A sample of abnormal cells may be removed by biopsy, which can be performed number of ways Bronchoscopy, Needle Biopsy Mediastinoscopy, Thoracocentesis

Sputum Cytology

If you have cough and are producing sputum, looking at the sputum under the microscope can sometimes reveal the presence of lung cancer cells.

Imaging Tests

X-Rays CT Scans MRI Scans PET Scans

Stages of Ovarian cancer

Stages of ovarian cancer span from Stage I to Stage IV

Stage 1

The tumor size is less than 5 cms and it is limited to lungs only.
There is no involvement of lymph nodes.

Stage 2

Tumor size is more than 5 cms
Lymph nodes are involved
Making part of the lung collapse
Larger than 7cm with no involvement of lymph nodes
In the main airway (bronchus) close to where it divides to go into each lung
Any size but there is more than one tumor in the same lobe of the lung
spread to chest wall, muscle under the lung (diaphragm), the phrenic nerve, or the layers that cover the heart

Stage 3

Complete lung collapse
Spread into lymph nodes on the opposite side of the chest
Involvement of major structures in the chest include the heart, the wind pipe (trachea), the food pipe (oesophagus) or a main blood vessel
Has spread into the chest wall, the muscle under the lung (diaphragm), or the layers that cover the heart (mediastinal pleura and parietal pericardium)

Stage 4

If the cancer has spread to a distant part of the body such as the liver, bones or the brain.

Dr Lal Pathlabs Videos

Dr Himangshu Mazumdar - Dr Lal PathLabs

Dr Nimmi Kansal - Dr Lal PathLabs

Lung Cancer Lab tests: NCC Recommendations

Biomarker testing

Biomarker testing includes tests of genes or their products (proteins) within cancer cells. It is done because not all lung cancers are alike. Lung cancer can differ between people by which genes are present. Biomarker testing is used to plan treatment for metastatic lung cancers.

EGFR mutations
- EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) a surface receptor protein. Mutations in the gene that controls EGFR cause the receptors to be overactive. EGFR overactivity causes new cancer cells to form quickly.
- EGFR mutation testing is advised for metastatic lung adenocarcinomas, large-cell lung carcinomas, and unknown subtypes. Very few squamous cell carcinomas have overactive EGFR mutations.
- However, EGFR mutation testing of metastatic squamous cell carcinomas may be considered. It may be done for people who never smoked and for mixed histology. Testing for EGFR is approved both from a tissue sample or blood sample.
ALK gene rearrangement

Tests for Ovarian Cancer

Clinical Work up
Department

Additional relevant tests

CANCER 50 GENE PANEL, NGS

ONCOPRO HEREDITARY CANCER RISK PANEL

ONCOPRO NCCN LUNG CANCER PANEL

Diagnostic work up

HISTOPATHOLOGY BIOPSY: SMALL SPECIMEN

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: TTF-1 (THYROID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-1)

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: P40

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY PD-L1 SP263 (VENTANA)

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: ALKD5F3

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: p63

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: SYNAPTOPHYSIN

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: CHROMOGRANIN-A (CGA)

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: Ki-67

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: LUNG NON-SMALL CELL CARCINOMA (NSCC) PANEL

ONCOPRO HEREDITARY CANCER RISK PANEL

COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT; CBC

Follow up

ONCOPRO LIQUID BIOPSY

Prognostic work up

FISH: NSCLC (NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER) ALK1 & ROS1

LUNG CANCER MUTATION PANEL

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: TTF-1 (THYROID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-1)

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: P40

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY PD-L1 SP263 (VENTANA)

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: ALKD5F3

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: p63

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: SYNAPTOPHYSIN

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: CHROMOGRANIN-A (CGA)

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: Ki-67

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY: LUNG NON-SMALL CELL CARCINOMA (NSCC) PANEL

KRAS MUTATION CODON 12 & 13

EGFR, MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS

CANCER 50 GENE PANEL, NGS

NRAS MUTATION CODON 12, 13 & 61

BRAF MUTATION ANALYSIS

PIK3CA MUTATION ANALYSIS

CANCER GENE ANY 3 MARKERS, NGS

LIQUID BIOPSY CfDNA EGFR

CANCER TARGETED GENE PANEL: LUNG